生病时用英语交流可能让人紧张，尤其当咳嗽、感冒或发烧需要描述症状时，掌握关键短语和对话技巧能帮助你在医院、药店或日常沟通中清晰表达需求，以下场景对话和实用技巧将提升你的英语沟通能力。
基础症状描述短语
准确描述症状是获得帮助的第一步，以下高频词汇和句型需熟记：
常见症状表达
- "I have a persistent cough."（我持续咳嗽。）
- "My throat is scratchy/sore."（我喉咙发痒/疼痛。）
- "I’m running a fever."（我在发烧。）
- "I feel chills and body aches."（我感到发冷且全身酸痛。）
程度修饰词
- Mild（轻微）: "It’s just a mild cough."
- Severe（严重）: "The headache is severe."
- Worsening（加重）: "My cough is worsening at night."
药店购药场景对话
在欧美国家，药剂师（pharmacist）可针对轻微症状推荐非处方药（OTC），模拟典型对话：
对话示例
You: "Excuse me, I’ve had a dry cough for three days. Do you have any medicine to relieve it?"
Pharmacist: "Are you experiencing any fever or chest pain?"
You: "No fever, but my throat feels irritated."
Pharmacist: "I suggest this lozenge for throat soothing. If symptoms persist, consult a doctor."
关键技巧
- 主动说明症状时长："for [时间]"（如 "for three days"）；
- 明确回答药剂师的筛查问题；
- 询问用药频率："How often should I take this?"
医院就诊场景对话
医生问诊时常用“OLDCARTS”法则（Onset, Location, Duration, Character, Aggravating/Alleviating factors, Radiation, Timing, Severity），提前准备这些信息能提高效率。
典型问答
Doctor: "What brings you in today?"
You: "I’ve had a productive cough with yellow phlegm for five days, and it keeps me up at night."
Doctor: "Any shortness of breath?"
You: "A little when climbing stairs."
注意事项
- 携带症状记录：如体温变化时间、咳嗽频率；
- 使用类比描述疼痛："It feels like a burning sensation."
请假与同事沟通
生病请假需礼貌且清晰，参考以下邮件模板：
Subject: Sick Leave Request – [Your Name]
Body:
"Dear [Manager’s Name],
I’m writing to inform you I’ve developed a high fever and persistent cough. My doctor advised taking two days off to recover. I’ll check emails intermittently for urgent matters. Thank you for your understanding.
Best regards,
[Your Name]"
口语表达
- "I’m calling in sick today."（今天请假。）
- "I might be contagious, so I’ll work from home."（可能传染，我会远程工作。）
文化差异与禁忌
- 避免过度描述：西方医生更关注客观症状，而非主观感受；
- 直接表达需求：不要说 "Maybe I need medicine"，而用 "Could you prescribe something for the cough?"；
- 尊重隐私：同事通常不会追问病情细节，简单回应即可。
紧急情况用语
若症状突然加重，这些短语至关重要：
- "I need emergency help."（需要紧急帮助。）
- "I can’t breathe properly."（呼吸困难。）
- "Call an ambulance, please."（请叫救护车。）
生病时的语言障碍可能加剧焦虑，但通过模拟练习和记忆核心句型，你能更从容应对，建议收藏本文高频短语，并与外教或语言伙伴进行角色扮演，健康无小事,清晰的沟通是康复的第一步。
